Land Art
As a social and political response to the issues of its time, Land Art emerged in the late 1960s – early 1970s and is also known as Earth Art or Earthworks. Land Art incorporates large scale works that utilize landscape features like rocks, plants, soil and water. Unlike other forms of art where nature is an element, in Land Art nature is the primary medium. One of the core features of Land Art is that it is created outdoors and this form of engagement with nature enables transcending traditional art spaces while redefining the commodification of art. Robert Smithson is a Land Art pioneer sculptor best known for his “Spiral Jetty” (1970) piece in the Great Salt Lake of Utah which is a perfect example of site-specificity. Nancy Holt is another well-known figure characterized by large scale Sun Tunnels sculptures (1973-76) that, besides being viewed from earth, invite participants to admire the cosmos surpassing the art. Michael Heizer is best known for “Double Negative” (1969-70) in which he performed massive excavations of the earth’s surface, transforming natural terrain into sculptural form. The height of the popularity of Land Art came in the 1970s, when artists attempted to step outside the box of traditional gallery spaces and interact with the land in a more manipulative manner. Ephemeral creations such as Land Art, which is subject to the forces of nature, challenges the idea of art lasting forever or having a commercial value, forcing the audience to think deeper about art, nature, and society. With its focus on the environment and the perception of the viewer within the landscape, Land Art serves as an inspiration for modern artists to rethink their relationship with nature and art.
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