During art conservation and restoration processes, varnish signifies the transparent protective layer applied directly onto the surface of paintings. This protective layer defends the artwork against environmental elements like dust and light and helps maintain its original color and texture. The tradition of applying varnish to paintings became widespread during the Renaissance era. Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt applied varnishes to their paintings to create a brighter appearance and give their works a consistent surface finish. Art conservators in the 20th century examined varnish use critically because its tendency to yellow and darken threatened the visual quality of paintings. Contemporary conservation methods now feature reversible varnishes which enable conservators to detach and reattach protection without harming the original paint layers. Gerhard Richter and Anselm Kiefer stand out as contemporary artists who have used varnishes to create distinctive visual effects within their art pieces. Artists and conservators need to understand varnish functions because it protects paintings from aging while enhancing their aesthetic presentation. The selection and application process of varnish has a major impact on art appreciation and perception which makes it a fundamental part of art preservation and exhibition.