Jointed Sculpture describes the type of sculpture in which the limbs or components of the sculpture can be moved independently. This type of sculpture gained popularity towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when there was a consolidation of the Art Nouveau and Art Deco styles. Some of the artists who are associated with Jointed Sculpture are Alexander Calder, famous for his mobiles and stabiles which integrated moving parts to a sculpture. Another contributor is Hans Bellmer, whose surrealistic dolls defied standard representations of the human body. Also, the Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama has used joined parts for her playful avant-garde sculptures, which has helped to renew interest in this art form in recent decades. Jointed Sculptures allows movement from the audience, transforming the static piece of art into a performance while challenging the audience to think about the relationship between the two extremes and their meaning within artistic expression.